Drilling oil and oil wells comes from the great 6th century, first seen in China which was done by using drill bits attached to bamboo poles, they dug wells about 800 ft deep. The produced oil was transported via bamboo pipelines and was used for early lightening and heating applications. With the boom in the technology and advancement in the use of a wide range of materials in the making of advanced oil drill equipment which has made oil drilling easier and effective, enhancing the overall extraction amount.
Oil drilling equipment consists of various components and each component plays a crucial role in the drilling process. The key components of oil drilling equipment are:
1. Drilling Rigs in oil drilling equipment: The primary structure that supports the drilling operation is the drilling rig. It houses the drilling machinery, equipment, and personnel necessary for drilling operations providing an efficient base to the overall equipment.
2. Drill Bit in oil drilling equipment: The cutting tool at the bottom of the drill string that penetrates the rock formations is called the drill bit. Drill bits come in various types, including roller cone bits, fixed cutter bits (such as PDC and diamond bits), and hybrid bits. Drill bit is one of the major components of the oil drill equipment.
3. Drill String in oil drilling equipment: A series of connected tubular components that transmit rotational power and drilling fluid to the drill bit is known as the drill string. It is the basic requirement for the production of the right amount of torque. It typically consists of drill pipe, drill collars, and other specialized components like heavy-weight drill pipe and stabilizers.
4. Mud Pumps in oil drilling equipment: Devices that circulate drilling fluid (mud) down the drill string, through the drill bit, and back to the surface are called the mud pumps. Mud pumps provide the necessary hydraulic pressure to cool the drill bit, carry rock cuttings to the surface, and maintain wellbore stability. As the drill penetrates the earth by applying great force, stability is the key to attain success.
5. Mud Circulation System in oil drilling equipment: Mud Circulation System includes mud tanks, mud pumps, mud pits, shale shakers, and other equipment used to prepare, circulate, and maintain drilling fluid properties. It ensures efficient drilling operations and well control.
6. Derrick in oil drilling equipment: A tall, vertical structure on the drilling rig that supports the drill string and provides a platform for lifting and lowering equipment is called the derrick. It also houses the crown block, traveling block, and drilling line used in hoisting operations.
7. Blowout Prevented (BOP) System in oil drilling equipment: Blowout Prevented (BOP) System is a critical safety device which is designed to prevent the uncontrolled release of oil or gas from the well bore. It consists of various components, including annular presenters, ram-type presenters, and control systems.
8. Top Drive of oil drilling equipment: Top Drive is a motorised drilling tool that provides rotational power to the drill string from the top of the derrick. Top drives offer advantages such as increased drilling efficiency, torque control, and reduced manual handling of used drill pipe for sale.
9. Down hole Tools in oil drilling equipment: Specialised equipment is used for specific tasks during drilling, such as logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools, measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tools, and directional drilling tools. These tools provide real-time data and control to optimize drilling performance.
10. Casing and Cementing Equipment in oil drilling equipment: Casing and Cementing Equipment are the components of oil drilling equipment which are used to line the well bore with casing strings and cement to ensure well integrity and stability. This includes casing pipes, centralisers, float equipment, and cementing units.
11. Well Control Equipment in oil drilling equipment: Devices and systems which are used to monitor and control down hole pressure during drilling operations are the well control equipment. This includes choke and kill manifolds, pressure control valves, and diverted systems.
These are the key components of oil drilling equipment that work together seamlessly to facilitate safe, efficient, and productive oil drilling operations, from well planning and drilling to completion and production, providing the overall service and fulfilling all the requirements .
